| Newell, Edward T. | ||
| "A Parthian hoard" (1924) | ||
| Numismatic Chronicle, 1924, tome/ser. 5, vol. 4, p. 141-180. | ||
| Abstract: Documentation of the IGCH 1813, which includes almost 900 coins of Mithradates I, Phraates II, Artabanus I and Mithradates II. | ||
| Mithradates of Parthia and Hyspaosines of Characene: A Numismatic Palimpsest (1925) | ||
| In: Numismatic Notes and Monographs, No. 26 | ||
| New York: American Numismatic Society, 1925, 18 p. | ||
| Royal Greek Portrait Coins (1937) | ||
| Racine: Whitman Publishing Co., 99 p. | ||
| Abstract: Undated reprint of the 1937 original. Chapter 16 (pp. 88-95) describes the royal portrait coinage of Parthia with 25 coins illustrated. Newell also describes the royal coins of Persis, Bactria, Elymais and others. | ||
| "Coins from Seleucia on the Tigris by Robert H. McDowell" (book review) (1937) | ||
| American Journal of Archaeology, 1937, vol. 41, p. 515-516. | ||
| "The Coinage of the Parthians" (1938) | ||
| In: Pope, Arthur Upham & Ackerman, Phyllis (eds.), A Survey of Persian art from prehistoric times to the present (1981 Centennial edition), vols. 1 and 7 | ||
| New York: Maxwell Aley Literary Associates, 1981, 3 ed., p. 475-492. | ||
| Abstract: The Newell article is Chapter 27 in Vol I. References to Parthian coin illustrations are plates 140-144 in Vol VII. | ||
| Late Seleucid mints in Ake-Ptolemais and Damascus (1939) | ||
| In: Numismatic Notes and Monographs, No. 84 | ||
| New York: American Numismatic Society, 1939 | ||
| Newell, Edward T. & Mørkholm, Otto | ||
| The coinage of the western Seleucid mints, from Seleucus I to Antiochus III / by Edward T. Newell ; with A Summary of recent scholarship / by Otto Mørkholm (1977) | ||
| New York: American Numismatic Society, 1977 | ||
| Abstract: Originally published as ANS Numismatic studies, no. 1 | ||
| The coinage of the eastern Seleucid mints, from Seleucus I to Antiochus III; with a summary of recent scholarship additions and corrections by Otto Morkholm (1978) | ||
| New York: American Numismatic Society, 1978 | ||
| Abstract: Originally published as ANS Numismatic studies, no. 1 | ||
| Nicolet-Pierre, Hélène | ||
| "Thionèsis, roi de Characène (25/24 - 20/19 ou 19/18 avant J.-C.)" (1978) | ||
| Revue Numismatique, 1978, tome/ser. 6, vol. 20, p. 46-55. | ||
| Abstract: The best guide to coinage of Characene of Attambelos I and Theonesios I. | ||
| Nicolle, David | ||
| Sassanian Armies: The Iranian Empire, early 3rd to mid-7th centuries AD (1996) | ||
| Montvert, 1996, 1 ed., 72 p. | ||
| Abstract: Illustrations by Angus McBride | ||
| Niese, Benedikt | ||
| Geschichte der griechischen und makedonischen staaten seit der schlacht bei Chaeronea. Staaten II (1899) | ||
| In: Handbücher der alten geschichte. 2. ser. 2. abth | ||
| Gotha: F.A. Perthes, 1899 | ||
| Nikitin, Alexander B. | ||
| "La refrappe de monnaies de cuivre en Parthie" | ||
| p. 82-87. | ||
| "Khalk Mitridata II so sledami perechekanki" [A Chalkos of Mithridates II with traces of restriking] (1981) | ||
| Vestnik Drevnei Istorii, 1981, no. 2, p. 115-117. | ||
| Abstract: English summary. | ||
| "Monetnyæi drov goroda Ragi v pervye gody pravleniëia Mitridata II" [The mint at Rhagae early in the reign of Mithradates II] (1983) | ||
| Vestnik Drevnei Istorii, 1983, vol. 164, no. 2, p. 95-99. | ||
| Abstract: English summary. | ||
| "Datirovannye drakhmy Fraata III i khronologiëia Suzianskikh mednykh émissii" [The dated drachmas of Phraates III and the chronology of Susianian copper emissions] (1984) | ||
| Sovetskaia arkheologiia, 1984, no. 4, p. 249-252. | ||
| "Perechekanka mednykh monet v Parthii" [Restrikes of copper coins in Parthia] (1988) | ||
| Vestnik Drevnei Istorii, 1988, no. 1, p. 82-87. | ||
| Abstract: French summary. | ||
| "Parthian bullae from Nisa" (1993) | ||
| Journal of Silk Road Art and Archaeology, 1993, vol. 3, p. 71-79. | ||
| "Die Munzen des letzten indo-parthischen Konigs von Sistan ein Abschied von 'Ardamitra'" (1994) | ||
| Numismatische Zeitschrift, 1994, vol. 102, p. 167-170. | ||
| "Moneta. Iran" (1995) | ||
| In: Enciclopedia dell'Arte Antica, Classica e Orientale, II suppl, 1971-1994, III, H-Neo | ||
| Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 1995, p. 739-745. | ||
| Abstract: The author describes Iranian coinage from the Achemenid to Sasanid ages, through the Hellenistic-Alexandrian period and the reign of the Arsacids. The author concludes that there were autonomous issues from the Hellenistic period to the Sasanid conquest. (A. Carignani) | ||
| "Early Parthian Coins from Margiana" (1998) | ||
| In: Curtis, Vesta Sarkhosh, Hillenbrand, Robert & Rogers, Michael (eds.), The art and archaeology of ancient Persia : new light on the Parthian and Sasanian empires | ||
| London: I.B. Tauris, 1996, p. 14-19. | ||
| Abstract: A discussion of Parthian coins found at the oasis at Merv - ancient Margiana, many of which carry Margiana mint identification. Twenty coins are illustrated on two excellent plates, 10 drachms and 10 chalcoi. Of the 10 drachms, 8 are referenced to Sellwood types. Also, four chalkoi are illustrated by line drawings. | ||
| Nikonorov, Valerii P. | ||
| "The Collapse of the Parthian Power" [in Russian] (1984) | ||
| Pamiatniki Turkmenistana, 1984, vol. 1 & 2, p. 28-30; 18-20. | ||
| Abstract: Continued in Pamiatniki Turkmenistana, No. 2, pp. 18-20. | ||
| "About One Rare Type of Armour for the Cataphracts (An Attempt of Comparative Iconography)" [in Russian] (1985) | ||
| In: Tvorcheskoe nasledie narodov Srednei Azii v pamiatnikakh iskusstva, arkhitektury i arkheologii. | ||
| Tashkent: 1985, p. 87-89. | ||
| "Parthian Sites of Mesopotamia and Iran" [in Russian] (1985) | ||
| In: Arkheologiia zarubezhnoi Azii : materialy k simpoziumu Soveta molodykh uchenykh LOIA | ||
| Leningrad: 1985, p. 50-55. | ||
| "The Development of Horse Defensive Equipment in the Antique Epoch" [in Russian] (1985) | ||
| In: Kruglikova, I. T. (ed.), Zheleznyi vek Kavkaza, Srednei Azii i Sibiri : Kratkie soobshcheniia Instituta arkheologii Akademii nauk SSSR. No. 184. | ||
| Moscow: Nauka, 1985, p. 30-35. | ||
| "The Parthian Cataphracts" [in Russian] (1986) | ||
| In: Chetvertaia vsesoiuznaia shkola molodykh vostokovedov. T. I. | ||
| Moscow: 1986, p. 65-67. | ||
| "On the Role of Nomadic Components in Warfare of the Post-Hellenistic East (On the Pattern of Parthia)" [in Russian] (1987) | ||
| In: Vzaimodeistvie kochevykh kul'tur i drevnikh tsivilizatsii | ||
| Alma-Ata: 1987, p. 106-107. | ||
| Vooruzhenie i voennoe delo v Parfii (Armament and Warfare in Parthia) [in Russian] (1987) | ||
| Leningrad: 1987 | ||
| Abstract:
Discussion of Parthia heavy armoured cavalry. Avtoreferat dissertatsii na soiskanie uchenoi stepeni kandidata istoricheskikh nauk, Leningrad | ||
| "Antique Elements in the Warfare of the Parthian State" [in Russian] (1988) | ||
| In: Tretii vsesoiuznyi simpozium po problemam ellinisticheskoi kul.tury na Vostoke | ||
| Yerevan: 1988, p. 59-60. | ||
| "On the Nature of the Warfare of the Parthians" [in Russian] (1989) | ||
| In: Koshelenko, Gennadij A. (ed.), Problemy issledovanii antichnykh gorodov | ||
| Moscow: 1989, p. 88-89. | ||
| "Margiana and Merv as described in Classical Historiography" [in Russian] (1990) | ||
| In: Merv v drevnei i srednevekovoi istorii Vistoka [I] | ||
| Ashkhabad: 1990, p. 39-42. | ||
| "To the History of One Iconographical Topic in Parthian and Early Sasanian Official Art" [in Russian] (1990) | ||
| In: Borbad i khudozhestvennye traditsii narodov Tsentral.noi i Perednei Azii: istoriia i sovremennost. | ||
| Dushanbe: 1990, p. 170-172. | ||
| "Bitva pri Karrakh i parfyanskaya taktika (k voprosu o stepnykh elementakh v voennom dele Parfyan)" (1991) | ||
| In: Merv v drevnei i srednevekovoi istorii Vostoka, II. Kul'turnye vzaimodeistviya i svyazi, Tezisy dokladov nauchnoi konferentsii | ||
| Ashkhabad: 1991, p. 25-26. | ||
| Abstract: Discussion of Parthia heavy armoured cavalry. | ||
| "The Battle of Carrhae and the Parthian Tactics (On the Steppe Elements in the Warfare of the Parthians)" [in Russian] (1991) | ||
| In: Merv v drevnei i srednevekovoi istorii Vostoka II: kul'turnye vzaimodeistviia i sviazi | ||
| Ashkhabad: 1991, p. 25-26. | ||
| "On the Structure of the Warriors. Order in the Parthian State" [in Russian] (1992) | ||
| In: Merv v drevnei i srednevekovoi istorii Vostoka III: Merv i parfianskaia epokha. | ||
| Ashgabat: 1992, p. 18-20. | ||
| "Equestrian Combats on the Rock-Reliefs of the Parthians and the Sasanians" (review of: Gall H. von. Das Reiterkampfbild in der iranischen und iranisch beeinflussten Kunst parthischer und sasanidischer Zeit. Berlin: Gebr. Mann, 1990) [in Russian] (190 | ||
| Arkheologicheskie vesti, 1992, no. 1, p. 214-217. | ||
| "The Central Asian Cataphracts as a Product of the Interaction between the Military Schools of the West and the East at the Early Hellenistic Epoch" [in Russian] (1994) | ||
| In: Vzaimodeistvie drevnikh kul'tur i tsivilizatsii i ritmy kul'turogeneza. | ||
| St. Petersburg: 1994, p. 47-51. | ||
| "K voprosu o parfjanskoj taktike (na primere bitvy pri Karrach)" (1995) | ||
| In: Voennoe delo i srednevekovaja archeologija Central'noj Azii | ||
| Kemerovo: 1995, p. 53-61. | ||
| "On the Parthian Tactics (on an Example of the Battle at Carrhae)" [in Russian] (1995) | ||
| In: Voennoe delo i srednevekovaia arkheologiia Tsentral.noi Azii. | ||
| Kemerovo: 1995, p. 53-61. | ||
| "Apollodorus of Artemita and the date of his Parthica revisited" (1996) | ||
| In: Dabrowa, Edward (ed.), Ancient Iran and the mediterranean world. Proceedings of an international conference in honour of Professor Józef Wolski held at the Jagiellonian university, Cracow, in September 1996 (Electrum. Studies in Ancient History. 2.) | ||
| Kraków: 1998, p. 107-122. | ||
| "Cataphracti, Catafractarii and Clibanarii: Another Look at the old problem of their Identifications" (1998) | ||
| In: Voennaia arkheologiia: Oruzhie i voennoe delo v istoricheskoi i sotsial.noi perspektive / Military Archaeology: Weaponry and Warfare in the Historical and Social Perspective | ||
| St. Petersburg: 1998, p. 131-138. | ||
| The Use of Musical Percussions in Ancient Eastern Warfare: Parthian and Central Asian Evidence (1998) | ||
| In: Hickmann, Ellen, Laufs, Ingo & Eichmann, R., Music archaeology of Early Metal Ages : papers from the 1st Symposium of the International Study Group on Music Archaeology at Monastery Michaelstein, 18-24 May, 1998 (Blankenburg, Germany); Orient-ArchŠologie, 7; Studien zur MusikarchŠologie II | ||
| Rahden/Westf: Verlag Marie Leidorfe, 2000, p. 71-82. | ||
| Abstract:
Full title: Musikarchäologie früher Metallzeiten : Vorträge des 1. Symposiums der International Study Group on Music Archaeology im Kloster Michaelstein, 18.-24. Mai 1998 = Music archaeology of early metal ages : papers from the 1st Symposium of the International Study Group on Music Archaeology at Monastery Michaelstein, 18-24 May, 1998 Online title is "The Use of Music in Ancient Warfare: Parthian and Central Asian Warfare" The use of music on battle-fields always had for such objects as to give the signal, to inspirit one's own soldiery and to frighten foes. The Parthians, according to the classical authors (Plutarch, Crassus 23.9; 26.4; Justin XLI. 2.8; cf. Herodian IV. 11,3), employed in the war not horns or trumpets but kettle-drums (tympana). The tympanon, when being struck with sticks, uttered first toneless sounds turning then into those like both the beastly howl and peals of thunder, which were heard for a distance of several kilometres, inspiring great fear on the enemy (as this was, for the most striking instance, at the famous battle of Carrhae in 53 BC).This is so impressive, one membraned instrument must have been brought to Iran by the nomadic founders of the Parthian Arsacid empire from their steppe homeland, and the Medieval Middle Asian kettle-drums called nagora probably originated from it. A battle drum (tumbag) is referred to in a Sasanian-date Pahlavi, but Parthian-age by origin, text Ayyatkar i Zareran (§26). Gurgani's in c. poem Vis u Ramin, composed in 1050 AD and going back most likely to a Parthian model again, speaks of battle drums as well. A dominant role of the percussion instruments in the battle music of the Parthians may be explained by some peculiarities of their warfare. For Middle Asia (or western Central Asia) proper, there is a unique find of a ceramic giblet-shaped, one membraned drum (tablak) which has been recently discovered at Tali Khamtuda (Northern Sogdia), in a warrior's (?) burial dated to the 3rd or 4th century AD. Drum-type instruments are depicted on monuments of art, belonging to Late Antiquity and early Medieval times, from Airtam (Northern Bactria), Toprak-kala (Khorezm), Afrasiab, Penjikent, Khirman-tepe (Sogdia). All of (two-membraned) and "sand-glass"-shaped drums; however, those of different shapes and kettle-drums are also met. At least, some of these instruments could be quite employed for the accompaniment to military actions. In addition to the pictorial evidences, the use of drums in Early Medieval Middle Asia, including on battle fields, is reported by the Arabic and Chinese sources. [Author, St. Petersburg, Russia] | ||
| "On the Source of Plutarch's Information concerning the Iron of Margiana" [in Russian] (1999) | ||
| In: The Study of the Cultural Heritage of the East. Cultural Traditions and Continuity in the Development of Ancient Cultures and Civilizations | ||
| St. Petersburg: 1999, p. 88-92. | ||
| "Parthian Kettledrums" [in Russian] (2000) | ||
| In: SYSSITIA: Pamiati Yuriia Viktorovicha Andreeva. | ||
| St. Petersburg: 2000, p. 167-174. | ||
| "A Nomadic Layer in the Cultural Heritage of the Parthian Realm" [in Russian, with an English summary] (2000) | ||
| In: Kul'turnoe nasledie Turkmenistana (glubinnye istoki i sovremennye perspektivy). Ashgabat | ||
| St. Petersburg: 2000, p. 31-35. | ||
| "Parthian Saddles" [in Russian and English] (2001) | ||
| In: The Role of Ahalteke Horse in the Formation of World Horse-Breeding. Materials for the international scientific conference | ||
| Ashgabat: 2001, p. 115-116. | ||
| Nikonorov, Valerii P. & Goroncharovskii, V. A. | ||
| "A Graffito from Iluraton with the Representation of a Cataphract" [in Russian] (1986) | ||
| In: Chetvertaia vsesoiuznaia shkola molodykh vostokovedov. T. I. | ||
| Moscow: 1986, p. 184-185. | ||
| "A Cataphract from Iluraton (To the History of the Antique Heavy-armed Cavalry)" [in Russian, with a French summary] (1987) | ||
| Vestnik Drevnei Istorii, 1987, no. 1, p. 201-213. | ||
| Nikonorov, Valerii P. et al (eds.) | ||
| Central Asia from the Achaemenids to the Timurids. Archaeology, History, Ethnology, Culture. Material of the International Scientific Conference dedicated to the Centenary of Aleksandr Markovich Belenitsky (2005) | ||
| St. Petersburg: Hermitage, 2005 | ||
| Nissen, H. J. | ||
| "Südbabylonien in parthischer und sassanidischer Zeit" (1969) | ||
| In: Suppl. I 3 | ||
| Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 1969, p. 1036ff. | ||
| Recent Publications - Page 43 |
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